Chapter 20: Aromatic Hydrocarbons

20.1: Introduction to Aromatic Hydrocarbons

1. Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and their Derivatives
2. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

20.2: Nomenclature of Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

1. Nomenclature of Monosubstituted Benzene
2. Nomenclature of Disubstituted Benzene

20.3: Benzene

1. Benzene,Molecular Formula
2. X-Ray Studies of benzene Structure
3. Structure of Benzene
4. The Stability of Benzene
5. Resonance

20.4: Preparation of Benzene

1. Preparation of Benzene from cyclohexane and Acetylene
2. Preparation of Benzene from Alkanes
3. Preparation of Benzene in the Laboratory
4. Wurtz-Fittig Reaction

20.5: Reactions of Benzene

1. Reactivity of Benzene Towards Electrophiles
2. Halogenation of Benzene
3. Halogenation of Alkyl benzene
4. Nitration of Benzene
5. Sulphonation of Benzene
6. Friedel-Crafts Reaction, Alkylation
7. Friedel-Crafts Reaction, Acylation
8. Reduction of Benzene
9. Halogenation of Benzene in the Presence of Light
10. Combustion of Benzene
11. Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene
12. Ozonolysis of Benzene
13. Side Chain Oxidation of Alkyl Benzene
14. ortho and para Directing Groups
15. Reactivities of Alkanes, Alkenes and Benzene

20.6: Comparison of Reactivities of Alkanes, Alkenes and Benzene

1. Reactivities of Alkanes, Alkenes and Benzene