Chapter 4: Liquids and Solids

4.1: Intermolecular Forces

1. Intermolecular Forces
2. Ion-dipole Forces
3. Dipole-Dipole Interactions
4. Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces
5. London Dispersion Forces
6. Factors Affecting the London Forces
7. Hydrogen Bonding
8. Thermodynamic Properties of Covalent Hydrides
9. Thermodynamic Properties of Covalent Hydrides (continued)
10. Solubility of Hydrogen-Bonded Molecules
11. Anamolous Behaviour of Water
12. More on Anamolous Behaviour of Water
13. Function of Soaps
14. Function of Detergents
15. Hydrogen Bonding in Paints, Dyes and Textile Materials

4.2: Evaporation

1. Evaporation in Liquids and its Uses
2. Evaporation
3. Vapour Pressure
4. Effect of Temperature on Vapour Pressure
5. Manometric Method of Measuring Vapour Pressure
6. Boiling Points of Liquids
7. Boiling Point and External Pressure
8. Energetics of Phase Changes
9. Energy Changes and Intermolecular Attractions
10. Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium
11. Surface tension
12. Measurement of Surface Tension
13. Viscosity
14. Measurement of Viscosity

4.3: Liquid Crystals

1. Liquid Crystals

4.4: Introduction to Solids

1. Amorphous Solids
2. Crystalline Solids
3. Properties of Crystalline Solids
4. Anisotropy
5. Symmetry and Habit of a Crystal
6. Isomorphism
7. Polymorphism
8. Concept of Allotropy
9. Transition Temperature

4.5: Crystal Lattice

1. Crystal Lattice
2. Unit Cell

4.6: Crystals and Their Classification

1. Crystals and Their Classification
2. More on Crystals and Their Classification

4.7: Classification of Solids

1. Amorphous Solids
2. Crystalline Solids
3. Compressibility and Ease of Flow of Solids
4. Properties of Ionic Solids
5. More on Properties of Ionic Solids
6. Structure of Sodium Chloride
7. Lattice Energy
8. Covalent Solids
9. Properties of Covalent Crystals
10. Diamond
11. Structure of Diamond
12. Molecular compounds
13. Molecular Solids
14. Structure of Solid Iodine
15. Metallic Solids
16. Properties of Metals
17. Structure of Metals

4.8: Determination of Avogadro's Number (NA)

1. Determination of Avogadro's Number